Sunday, August 10, 2008

PAUL FINDLEY They Dare to Speak Out 19

Notes
Preface
Washington Post, April 17, 2002.
2John Abrams, "Wolfwitz Booed at Pro-Israel Rally," Associated Press, April 15, 2002. 3E-Mail form Bahrain, May 14, 2002.
4Findley, Paul, Deliberate Deceptions: Facing the Facts About the U.S.-Israel Relationship (Washington, DC: American Educational Trust, 1995).
5Lynfield and Macmillan, "Are the Israelis Guilty of Mass Murder?", The Scotsman, April 19, 2002. 6"Palestinians in Jenin Camp Turn Down U.S. Relief Aid," Reuters, April 25, 2002. 7Andrew Clark, "House Panel Clears Aid to Israel, Palestinians," Reuters, May 10, 2002. 877m9Martha Ezzard, "Few Question Congress' Blind Support for Sharon," Atlanta Journal-Constitution, May 12, 2002.
10"Profiles in Courage: U.S. Lawmakers Stand Up for Moral Justice in Middle East," Arab News, May 5, 2002. nEzzard.
nCAIR Bulletin, May 3, 2002.
Chapter 2: King of the Hill
*Paul N. McCloskey, address before Conference on "U.S. Economic and Policy Challenges in the Arab World," sponsored by American Arab Affairs Council, Birmingham, Alabama, March 4, 1983.
2A number of professionals in pro-Israel lobbying groups provided information for this chapter, but fearing an adverse impact on their future careers, preferred to remain anonymous. 3James G. Abourezk, interview, July 27, 1984.
4New York Times, September 7, 1982. M. J. Rosenberg, editor of Near East Report, stated in an interview on September 5, 1983 that his publication does not publish criticism of Israeli policies lest this be construed as a schism within the pro-Israel Jewish community.
5Letter to the author from Don Bergus, July 10, 1984.
6Stephen Rosenfeld, Present Tense, spring 1983.
Washington Post, September 27, 1983.
interview with confidential source.
9Richmond Times-Dispatch, October 2, 1983.
10White House Press Release, October 18, 1983.
11 John Wilhelm, statement to the Board for International Food and Agricultural Development, January 5, 1984.
12Interview with confidential source. 13New York Times, March 15, 1984.
5
5 Notes
u Washington Post, April 10, 1984.
I interview with confidential source.
16The United States had engaged in indirect talks with the PLO during the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982 and earlier during the Carter and Nixon administrations. 17 National Journal, May 13, 1978.
18Congressional Record, October 3, 1984, page HI0961; hearings, Trade Sub-committee, Ways and Means Committee, May 22, 1984. 19Mideast Observer, November 15, 1984. 20Ibid., November 1, 1983.
21Janine Zacharia, "Israel's Stake in Congress," Jerusalem Post, December 18, 2000.
II Jewish Exponent, November 11, 1983.
23Federal Election Committee Summary Report, 1999-2000 election cycle. 24Eli Kintisch, "Campaign Finance Bill May BE Boost for Jewish Grassroots Donors," Forward, March 22, 2002.
25"Pro-Israel and Arab-and Muslim-American PAC Contributions," Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, May/June 2001. 26Wall Street Journal, August 3, 1983. "Village Voice, June 14, 1983.
28Thomas Dine, address before Jewish community leaders, Austin, Texas, November 1982. 29Yedi'ot Aharonot (Jerusalem), November 27, 1984.
30George Sunderland, "Counterpunch Special Report: Our Vichy Congress," www.counterpunch.org, May 9, 2002.
Chapter 3: Stilling the Still, Small Voices.
I Congressional Record, June 5, 1980. 2McCloskey, interview, May 10, 1983. 3^Congressional Record, June 5, 1980. ANew York Times Magazine, April 18, 1971.
5McCloskey, address to Kenna Club, Santa Clara, California, August 13, 1982.
6McCloskey, Truth and Untruth, Political Deceit in America.
7Ibid.
*HaKol (Stanford University), March 1981. 9New York Times Magazine, April 18, 1971. 10McCloskey, interview, May 10, 1983.
II New York Magazine, June 14, 1971. 12Ibid.
13San Jose Mercury, October 23, 1978.
14McCloskey, interview, May 10, 1983.
15Letter from McCloskey to Earl Raab, August 11, 1981.
16'Los Angeles Times, August 2, 1981.
17Ibid.
^Redlands Daily Facts, April 11, 1981. 19San Francisco Examiner, August 17, 1981. 10San Francisco Examiner, August 26, 1981. 21 B'nai B'rith Messenger, August 7, 1981.
22Letter from McCloskey to B'nai B'rith Messenger, October 21, 1983. 23B'nai B'rith Messenger, October 2, 1981. 24Douglas Blomfield, interview, October 8, 1983. 25B'nai B'rith Messenger, August 7, 1981.
26McCloskey, interview, May 10, 1983; also see Palo Alto Times Tribune, August 17, 1982.
"Heritage and Southwest Jewish Press, August 7, 1981.
28San Francisco Examiner, August 15, 1982.
29McCloskey, interview, May 10 1983.
30Sacramento Bee, December 17, 1982.
31Los Angeles Times, August 2, 1981.
Notes 5
32Congressional Record, September 22, 1982. 33 Congressional Record, December 21, 1982. 34McCloskey, interview, May 10, 1983. 35Ibid. 36Ibid.
37The memorandum, dated March 1, 1983, was headed: "To ADL regional directors from Justin J. Finger."
38Letter to McCloskey to David Marks of the guest Professorship Board of ASSP; see also Stanford Daily, November 9, 1982. 35'Stanford Daily, February 8, 1983. AQ StanfordReview, May 25, 1983. Ax Washington Post, July 28, 1983. 42San Jose Mercury News, May 27, 1983. "Stanford Daily, April 29, 1983.
44Letter to Jeffrey Au from Prof. Hubert Marshall, April 19, 1983.
^Washington Post, August 19, 1979.
"Washington Star, August 21, 1979.
A1 Washington Post, August 21, 1979.
48Ibid.
49Ibid.
50Ibid.
^Washington Post, August 22, 1979. 52Ibid.
"Washington Star, August 23, 1979. ^Washington Post, August 23, 1979. 55Walter Fauntry, interview, July 26, 1983. ^Washington Post, September 17, 1979. "Washington Post, September 21, 1979. ^Washington Post, September 23, 1979.
59Jews Speak Out: Views form the Diaspora, a pamphlet published by International Center for Peace in the Middle East (Tel Aviv).
^Michael Nieditch, interview, September 24, 1983.
61Charles Whalen, letter to the author, February 17, 1984.
62Richard Nolan, interview, February 17, 1984.
63"Chicago Sun-Times, October 17, 1981.
"Washington Post, October 25, 1981.
^Mideast Observer, November 1, 1983.
"Washington Post, May 12, 1983.
67Public meeting, room 2200, Rayburn Building, Washington, September 26, 1984. 68Ibid.
69Regard for the influence of pro-Israeli lobbying interests compelled the Congressman to request anonymity.
70Sheldon Richman, "AIPAC President Resigns," Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, December/January 1992/1993. 71Mervyn Dymally, interview, March 8, 1984. 72Ibid. 73Ibid.
74Letter from Dymally to Barry Binder, February 29, 1984.
75Dymally, interview, March 8, 1984.
76Ibid.
17 Wall Street Journal, August 3, 1983.
78Hearings of the Subcommittee on Europe and Middle East, February 28, 1983. 79New York Times, November 11, 1983. *Q Congressional Record, November 8, 1983. 81 Anonymous Capitol Hill source.
5 Notes
*2 Congressional Record, November 10, 1983.
83Ibid.
84Ibid.
85Ibid.
86Ibid.
87Near East Report, May 11, 1984; Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, May 28, 1984.
88Nick Rahall II, letter to the author, June 6, 1984.
89Ibid.
90Rahall, interview, June 8, 1984.
91Congressional Record, September 28, 1983.
92Interview with a confidential Administration source present at the discussion. 93Zacharia, "Israel's Stake in Congress," Jerusalem Post, December 18, 2000 94Barbara Ferguson, "Profiles in Courage: U.S. Lawmakers Stand Up for Moral Justice in Middle East," Arab News, May 5, 2002.
95Speech of honorable Mark Green of Wisconsin in the House of Representatives, May 2, 2002. 96CAIR press release, May 2, 2002.
Chapter 4: The Deliberative Body Fails to Deliberate
'Hassan, Crown Prince of Jordan, interview, May 11, 1983. 2Time, September 20, 1982.
1Jewish Chicago, October 1982; Chicago Sun-Times, September 14 and 16, 1983. Illinois Issues, November 1977; Nation, December 11, 1976; March 3, 1979, March 5, 1979; Foreign Affairs, October, 1974. ''Chicago Magazine, June 1979. ('Chicago, June 1979.
7Chicago Daily News, November 1, 1974.
*New York Times Magazine, February 22, 1970; Washington Post, November 24, 1970. 9New Republic, February 24, 1979; Nation, March 3,1979.
^Washington Post, February 9, 1979; Christian Science Monitor, February 5, 1979.
nAdlai E. Stevenson III, interview, June 9, 1983.
12Ibid.
13The Israel Bond "Man of the Year" designation was awarded to Stevenson on December 15, 1974, and recorded in the Congressional Record, January 10, 1975. The AJC in 1977 awarded Stevenson a commendation and a plaque for his work opposing the trade boycott against Israel. The Weizman Institute established the Adlai E. Stevenson III Chair in endocrinology and reproductive biology in recognition of the Senator's steadfast support of the Institute and its work.
uJacksonville Journal Courier (Jacksonville, Illinois), August 31, 1982. Though the Washington office of AIPAC had produced the defamatory document, an AIPAC spokesman at the time expressed displeasure at seeing AIPAC material thus used in a political campaign. Such political smear tactics have become less common for AIPAC under the more sophisticated leadership of director Thomas Dine.
15Adlai Stevenson, The Middle East: 1976, report to the Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs, U.S. Senate, on his study mission to the Middle East conducted between February 10 and 25, 1976.
16Congressional Record, June 17, 1980. ,7Ibid.
18Stevenson, interview, June 9, 1980
19Rennan Lee Teslik, Congress, the Executive Branch and Special Interests: The American Response to the Arab Boycott of Israel. 20Stevenson, interview, June 9, 1983.
21Letter from Theodore R. Mann to Adlai Stevenson III, July 28, 1977. "Jewish Chicago, October, 1982. ^Jacksonville Journal Courier, August 31, 1981.
24Sentinel, September 30, 1982; Waukegan News Sun, November 9, 1982. 25 Chicago Sun-Times, June 27, 1982.
Notes 5
^Chicago Sun-Times, September 14, 1982. 27Stevenson, interview, June 9, 1983. 28Bettylu Saltzman, interview, June 16, 1983. 29Grace Mary Stern, interview, October 18, 1983. 30Stevenson, interview, June 9, 1983. 3lTime, November 15, 1983. 32-Chicago Tribune, September 10, 1982. "Chicago Sun-Times, September 16, 1982. 34Stevenson, interview, June 9, 1983. 35 Time, November 15, 1982.
36Illinois Supreme Court Docket No. 57637, Agenda 52, November 1982.
37Waukegan News Sun, November 9, 1982.
38Chicago Sun-Times, September 14, 1982.
39Rick Jasculca, interview, October 18, 1983.
40Present Tense, spring 1983.
41Stevenson, interview, June 9, 1983.
41New York Times Magazine, November 24, 1984.
43Haynes Johnson and Bernard N. Gwertzman, "Fulbright, the Dissenter." 44Ibid.
45New York Times, June 2, 1974.
"Foreign Affairs, Spring 1979.
47Time, June 10, 1974.
48J.W. Fulbright, "The Arrogance of Power."
49 Congressional Record, August 1, 1963.
50Walter Pincus, interview, November 14, 1983.
51Ibid.
52National Journal, May 18, 1970.
"New York Times, August 23, 1970; National Observer, August 31, 1980; New Republic, October 10, 1970.
54New York Times, April 5, 1971; Fulbright, "The Crippled Giant."
55"Face the Nation" (on CBS), April 15, 1073; Washington Post, May 31, 1973.
^Washington Post, May 31, 1973.
"Christian Science Monitor, January 24, 1974; New Republic, April 27, 1974; Newsweek, June 10, 1974.
58Fulbright, interview, June 3, 1983. 59Pincus, interview, November 14, 1983. 60New York Times Magazine, May, 1974. 61Fulbright, interview, June 3, 1983.
62Memorandum from the Washington office of B'nai B'rith, May 7, 1974. 63National Observer, November 16, 1974.
"Washington Post, November 5, 1974; Fulbright, address at Westminster College, Fulton, Missouri, November 2, 1974. 65Fulbright, interview, June 3, 1983. "National Observer, November 16, 1974. 67Abourezk, interview, August 1, 1984. 68Near East Report, February 13, 1974.
69I.L. Kennen, letter to Ms. Carol V. Bernstein, February 25, 1974.
70AIPAC later sent a memorandum to its Connecticut membership, as well as, state leaders, denouncing Ribicoff for his attendance at the luncheon. 71 Abourezk, On Democracy and Dissent (Middle East Affairs Council, 1977). 71Boston Globe Magazine, April 29, 1984. 73Interview with confidential source. 74Ibid. 75Ibid.
76The letter was sent to President Ford on May 21, 1975.
5 Notes
"Washington Post, March 8, 1978. 78Ibid.
"Washington Post, May 7, 1978. 80Ibid.
"Washington Post, April 22, 1978. 82Ibid.
83Interview with confidential source. uWall Street Journal, March 13, 1978. 85Interview with confidential source. 86Ibid.
%1 Washington Star, April 16, 1981. 88AP Wire Service, September 21, 1981. ^Washington Post, September 28, 1981. 90Ibid.
91AP Wire Service, September 21, 1981. ^Washington Post, November 25, 1981. ^Boston Globe Magazine, April 29, 1984. ^Washington Post, July 9, 1973. ^Washington Post, December 5, 1971.
^Nation, December 8, 1975; Washington Post, November 26, 1975.
97Biography of Senator Charles Mathias, Jr., prepared by the office of Senator Mathias, June 1, 1978.
™Baltimore Sun, December 3, 1980. 9''Washington Post, June 2, 1974. ^Washington Post, June 28, 1981. ^Baltimore Sun, December 8, 1980. 102Ibid.
103Biography of Senator Mathias.
mForeign Affairs, spring 1981.
mJewish Times (Baltimore), July 3, 1981.
106'Evening Sun (Baltimore), July 13, 1981.
107Jewish Times, July 3, 1981.
^Baltimore Sun, November 5, 1981.
109Discussion of difficult issues involving the Middle East, Israel and American Jews, such as the AWACS sale to Saudi Arabia, always raises the issue of anti-Semitism on Capitol Hill; Washington Post, November 29, 1981; New York Times, October 28, 1981.
noJewish Times, July 3, 1981; Baltimore Sun, July 6, 1981.
nxJewish Times, July 3, 1981.
112Senator Mathias, interview, August 3, 1983.
^Baltimore Jewish Times, October 29, 1982.
^Washington Post, June 28, 1975.
^Jewish Times, October 29, 1982.
"'Chicago Tribune, July 21, 1983.
n7Interview with a confidential source.
mNew York Times, August 16, 1984.
n-Journal-Register (Springfield, Illinois), December 8, 1984.
120Paul Simon, interview, December 7, 1984; Journal-Register, December 8, 1984.
121 Interviews, Percy, November 13, 1984, and Simon, December 7, 1984.
ulYedi'ot Aharonot (Jerusalem), November 27, 1984.
123Arab News, Bahrain Daily, April 5, 2001.
Chapter 5: The Lobby and the Oval Office
'Charles Barnett, interview, November 1, 1983. 2Myer Feldman, interview, October 30, 1983. Confidential interview.
4John Snetsinger, "Truman, the Jewish Vote, and the Creation of Israel"; Robert Donovan, "Conflict
Notes 5
and Crisis: the Presidency of Harry S Truman, 1945-1948"; Roberta Feuerlicht, "The Fate of the Jews."
5Snetsinger, op. cit. 6Feuerlicht, op. cit.
7Evan M. Wilson, "Decision on Palestine"; Christian Science Monitor, June 16, 1981.
Confidential interview.
9Wilson.
10Quoted by Tillman, op. cit.
"Stephen Green, "Taking Sides: Americas Secret Relations with a Militant Israel"; Wilbur Crane Eveland, "Ropes of Sand: Americas Failure in the Middle East." 12Green, op. cit. 13Ibid. 14Ibid.
15Stephen D. Isaacs, "Jews and American Politics."
16Green, op. cit.
17Ibid.
18Ibid.
19Ibid.
20Ibid.
21Ibid.
22Isaacs, op. cit. 23Eveland, op. cit. 24Green, op. cit. 25Ibid.
26So close was Johnson's friendship with the Krims that they were the first beyond the Johnson family to learn of the president's decision not to seek re-election in 1968. 27Neff, interview, May 23, 1984. 28Green, op. cit. 29Isaacs.
30Henry A. Kissenger, "Years of Upheaval." 31Richard M. Nixon, interview, July 26, 1984. ^Manchester Guardian, October 10, 1976. 33George W. Ball, "The Past Has Another Pattern." 34Ibid.
35Foreign Affairs, Winter, 1975/76; New York Times, August 25, 1982.
^Washington Post, July 11, 1982.
37Ball, interview, June 10, 1983.
38Confidential interview.
^Economist (London), October 20, 1979.
40New York Times, October 12, 1979.
41New York Times, October 22, 1979.
^Washington Star, October 13, 1979.
"Christian Science Monitor, October 16, 1979.
44The Nation, November 3, 1979.
"Washington Post, October 15, 1979.
"Los Angeles Times, December 29, 1974.
41 Washington Post, November 6, 1979.
48Ibid.
49New York Times, October 15, 1979. ^Washington Post, December 27, 1983. 51Ibid. 52Ibid.
"Chicago Tribune, December 5, 1983.
54$300 million was to be spent in the U.S. for development of the Israeli Lavi fighter plane, while an additional $250 million was authorized to be spent in Israel. This $250 million, an unprecedented U.S. subsidy to a foreign industry, was the issue behind the Rahall amendment.
5 Notes
55Near East Report, December 23, 1983. ^Washington Post, March 16, 1984. 57New York Times, March 15, 1984. 58New York Times, March 22, 1984. 59Ibid.
^Washington Post, March 2, 1980.
61 Washington Post, March 5, 1980.
62 Wall Street Journal, March 5 and 7, 1980; Washington Post, March 6 and 12, 1980. 63Ibid.
64Feuerlicht.
^Washington Post, November 6 and 9, 1980. 66Albert Joseph, interview, August 15, 1984. 67 Wall Street Journal, March 23, 1984. ™Los Angeles Times, July 14, 1984.
69"United States Senator Gary Hart on the Issues: Israel and the Middle East (two page summary prepared by the Hart presidential campaign, undated)"; Near East Report, January 13, 1984. 70New York Times, September 15, 1983; Near East Report, January 6 and 13, 1984. 71Boston Globe, February 15 and 20, 1983. 72Ibid.
73New York Times, September 14, 1983.
^Confidential interview.
75Lucius Battle, interview, May 21, 1983.
7(1 New York Times, February 4, 1979.
77Ibid.
'"Washington Post, March 14, 1984. "Washington Post, October 6, 1979. "Washington Post, October 12, 1984. "Newsweek, January 16, 1984. 82Ibid.
83 Washington Post, March 29, 1984. 84Chicago Sun-Times, February 27, 1984. 85 Washington Post, April 7, 8, and 14, 1984. 86Confidential interview.
87Scott McConnell, "Bush vs. Sharon: The Sequel," www.antiwar.com, April 9, 2002. 88Ibid.
89Lawrence McQuillan, "Bush Exerts Careful Pressure on Israel," USA Today, April 10, 2002. 90George Szamuely, "Israel's Powerful Friends," New York Press, June 6, 2000. 9lMcQuillan.
Chapter 6: Penetrating the Defenses at Defense and State.
'This chapter is based upon interviews with 17 present and former officials from the Department of Defense the Department of State, and the White House. Where considerations of career security permit, these sources have been identified.
2Thomas Pianka, interview, November 17, 1983.
3Neff, "Warriors for Jerusalem."
4Les Janka, interview, August 16, 1983.
5Zbigniew Brzezinski, interview, October 31, 1983.
6Israel is the only country where the United States permits such limitations.
7Andrew Young, interview, May 10, 1983.
8See Chapter Two.
5Newsweek, September 3, 1979.
10 Washington Post, March 2, 1977.
"Washington Post, February 18, 1977.
12Abourezk, interview, August 1, 1984.
legislation was introduced in 1984 to provide Israel with open U.S. financing for its foreign aid activities. See Chapter Two.
Motes 5
14Ambassador John C. West, interview, April 18, 1983; New York Times, April 20, 1980. 15New York Times, April 20, 1980.
16In the wake of the AWACS vote, the United States agreed to boost the level of aid to Israel by $300 million per year for a period of four years. 17 Washington Post, January 24, 1981. 18L. Dean Brown, interview, January, 1984. 19Harold Saunders, interview, May 19, 1983. 20Talcott Seelye, interview, May 14, 1983.
2lDefense Week, July 27, 1981; Focus, February 15, 1982; New Statesman, May 6, 1983.
^Washington Post, April 6, 1978.
^Jewish Week (Washington, D.C), July 17-23, 1983.
24Memorandum from John H. Davitt, Chief of Internal Security Section, Criminal Division, to Philip B. Heymann, Asian Attorney General, Criminal Division. 25"Stephen Bryen," www.auroraamerica.com.
26"In These Times," April 17-May 3, 1983; Atlantic Monthly, May 1982. 27Admiral Thomas Moorer, interview, August 24, 1982.
28DelandSun News (Deland, Florida), August 11, 1983; USA Today, August 12, 1983.
^Washington Post, August 10, 1983.
30Janka.
31Ella Bancroft, "Meet Anne at 'Pollard's Place' in Tel Aviv," Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, July/August, 1995.
32Shawn L. Twing, "American Engineer Who Admitted Giving Classified Information to Israel is Back at Work," Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, July/August, 1986.
33Richard Curtiss, "On the Pollard Affair," Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, July/August, 1986.
34Twing.
Chapter 7: The Assault on Assault
Poorer.
2James M. Ennes, Jr., Assault on the Liberty.
5New York Times, June 8, 1967.
4U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, June 1978.
5Admiral Donald Engen, interview, August 29, 1983.
6Ennes, op. cit.
7New York Times, June 10, 1967. ^Washington Star, June 16, 1967.
9 U.S. News and World Report, June 26, 1967; Defense Electronics, October 1981.
"New York Times, June 18, 1967.
"Admiral Isaac Kidd, interview, October 7, 1963.
12Office of Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs), news release, June 28, 1967. 13Ennes.
l4New York Times, June 29, 1967; Washington Post, June 30, 1967.
l5New York Times, July 1, 1967.
^Washington Star, June 30, 1967.
17New York Times, July 7, 1967.
18Ennes, interview, April 30, 1983.
19Ennes, Assault on the Liberty.
20Ibid.
21Ibid.
21 National Review, September 5, 1967.
23Ennes, interview, April 30, 1983.
24Defense Electronics, October 1981.
25Commander Lloyd N. Bucher, interview, April 10, 1983.
26Ibid.
27Moorer.
28Ennes, Assault on the Liberty; Pacific Northwest, September 1982.
5 Notes
29Christian Science Monitor, June 22, 1982. 30l755 Liberty Newsletter, December 1982.
31 White House memorandum from James U. Cross to Harry McPherson, June 20, 1967. 32White House memorandum from Harry McPherson to James U. Cross. 33Engen, August 29, 1983. 34Yitzak Rabin, Rabin Memoirs. 35President Lyndon Johnson, Vantage Point.
36These understated numbers reflect estimates that appeared in some newspapers before the full casualty count was known; New York Times, June 9, 1967. 37Moshe Dayan, Story of My Life.
^Washington Post, July 18, 1982; Ennes, interview, August 10, 1982. 39Ennes, Assault on the Liberty.
40Letter from Seymour Hersh to Robert Loomis of Random House, 1979.
41Ennes, interview, April 30, 1983.
42'Middle East Perspective, June 1981.
43Ennes.
44Ibid.
45Ibid.
46Bucher.
^Jewish Veterans, April/May/June 1983. 48Moorer.
49Ennes, "The USS Liberty: Still Covered Up After 35 Years," Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, June/July 2002. 50Ibid.
51John E. Borne, "The USS Liberty: Dissenting History vs. Official History (Reconsideration Press, 1996).
52Neff, "Warriors for Jerusalem."
53James Bamford, Body of Secrets: Anatomy of the Ultra-Secret National Security Agency (New York: Doubleday Press, 2001).
54Suzy Hansen, "The Assault on the USS Liberty" www.salon.com.
55Bryant Jordan, "Key Investigators Express Belief That Israel Deliberately Attacked U.S. Ship," Navy Times, June 26, 2002. 56E-mail from James Ennes, July 2, 2002.
Chapter 8: Subverting Academic Freedom
'Information on this and subsequent pages about AIPAC's Political Leadership Development Program is largely drawn from public remarks by Jonathon Kessler made at an AIPAC workshop in Washington, June 12, 1983, and literature distributed at the workshop.
2www. aipac.org/documents/welcomecampus. html.
3Edward Said, interview, July 20, 1983.
4George Bisharat, interview, June 21, 1983.
5Harvard Law Record, May 7, 1982.
'Harvard Law Record, April 30, 1982.
7Harvard Law Record, May 6, 1983.
8Noam Chomsky, letter to the author, July 10, 1983.
9James Scamus, interview, January 25, 1984.
10Daily Californian (University of California at Berkeley), April 15, 1982.
"Daily Californian, April 14, 1982.
12Daily Californian, April 15, 1982.
13Schamus, letter to the author, January 29, 1984.
14San Francisco Examiner, October 25, 1982.
15Daily Californian, October 20, 1982.
l6John D'Anna, interview, July 8, 1983.
17Arizona Daily Wildcat (University of Arizona, Tucson), March 2, 1983. nArizona Daily Star, March 4, 1983.
Notes 5
19Letter form Zionist Institutions to "Business Concerns Advertising in the Arizona Daily Wildcat and All Ad Agencies in Tucson," dated March 15, 1983. 20Willem A. Bijlfeld, letter to the author. 21Eqbal Ahmad, interview, September 24, 1983. 22S. C. Whittaker, interview, January 30, 1984. 23Bryn Mawr-Haverford College News, November 4, 1977. 24Kendall Landis, interview, June 17, 1983. 25Evening Bulletin (Philadelphia), November 5, 1977. 26Bryn Mawr-Haverford College News. 27Willis Armstrong, interview, June 22, 1983. 28Stephen Cary, interview, July 12, 1983. 29Phoenix (Swarthmore College), November 2, 1977. 30James Piatt, interview, July 27, 1983. 31 Jewish Exponent (Philadelphia), November 11, 1977.
32Copy of Ira Silverman's confidential AJC memorandum dated November 28, 1977. 33Harrison Wright, interview, July 25, 1983. 34Phoenix, February 8, 1978. 35Phoenix, November 9, 1977.
36Bryn Mawr-Haverford College News, November 11, 1977.
"Philadelphia Enquirer, November 9, 1977.
38Copy of letter from Armstrong to Friend dated April 11, 1979.
39Thomas D'Andrea, interview, July 29, 1983.
40Peter F. Krogh, interview, September 27, 1983.
41John Ruedy, interview June 21, 1983.
42 Georgetown Voice, November 1, 1977.
"Washington Star, May 4, 1977.
44Ibid.
"Chronicle of Higher Education, September 25, 1978. 46Ibid.
47 Washington Star, July 27, 1978.
48 Chronicle of Higher Education. "Washington Post, September 9, 1980. 5Q Washington Post, February 24, 1981.
51 John Ruedy, interview, June 21, 1983. ^Washington Post, February 25, 1981. "Washington Post, February 14, 1981. 54Washingtonian, October, 1981. 55Peter F. Krogh, interview, September 27, 1983. 56Father Kail Ellis, interview, January 11, 1984.
57"CSIS in Brief," from inside cover of Center for Strategic and International Studies, Georgetown University, Publications, 1983. 58Ibid.
59Letter from Akins to Hameed, August 22, 1983. 60Copy of letter of appointment, November 11, 1980. 61Copy of CSIS memorandum, October 8, 1980. 62Copy of telax form Jordan to Pat Denny, August 30, 1981. 63Jean Newsom, interview, July 26, 1983. 64Trish Wilson, interview, August 2, 1983. 65Paul Sutphin, interview, August 1, 1983. 66George Smally, interview, June 26, 1984.
67This account, from Hameed, was confirmed in substance by Amos Jordan in an interview, April 5, 1984. Jordan specified that while Hameed's work was mentioned, it was "not central to the discussion" with Emerson.
68Hameed's account. Jordan says he was interviewed "once" by Emerson and makes no mention of a draft.
5 Notes
^New Republic, February 17, 1982.
7Q Piatt's Oilgram News, February 18, 1982.
71Onnik Maraschian, interview, August 11, 1983.
72Copy of CSIS memorandum "RE: Attached Piatt's Oilgram Article," February 22, 1982. 73Draft of a Proposed Report: U.S. Assistance to the State of Israel, prepared by the staff of the U.S. General Accounting Office (1983).
74Amos Jordan, letter to the author, April 12, 1984. In the letter, Jordan states that this incident occurred in October 1981, not February 1982.
75Jordan denies this, saying the new charge replaced the old. He also denies that the charge was made retroactive and says it was applied "to all project directors at the Center."
76Hameed acknowledged a temporary deficit of about $12, 000, which he had expected to cover through CSIS sales of his report.
77The date and other details of the burglary are confirmed in the report of the Metropolitan Police Department, Washington, D.C., complaint number 109-933. 78Hameed's account.
79Jerri Bird, "Blaming the Victim," Chronicle of Higher Education, February 8, 2002. 80Anthony Lewis, "It Can Happen Here," New York Times, December 1, 1981. 81John S. Sugg, "Muslim-American Activism," Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, January/February 2001.
82Francis A. Boyle, " Law and Disorder in the Middle East," Americans for Middle East Understanding, Vol. 35, Issue 1, January/March 2002.
Chapter 9: Paving the Way for the Messiah
'Lee Hamilton, interview, August 2, 1983.
2Thomas Wiley, American Christianity, the Jewish State and the Arab-Irsraeli Conflict (Occasional Papers Series, CCAS, Georgetown University, 1983). 3Speech reprinted in Near East Report, June 5, 1981. 4New York Times, October 28, 1981. 5Economist (London), 3-9 March, 1984.
6Letter to Mike Evans Ministries supporters, January 23, 1984. 7George Otis, letter to High Adventure Holyland Ministry supporters. World Lebanese Association, www.wlo-usa.org, July 21, 1999. 5Near East Report, November 20, 1981.
10Grace Halsell, Prophecy and Politics (Chicago: Lawrence Hill Books, 1986). 1'Wiley, op. cit.
12Dewey Beagle, interview, January 12, 1984. 13White House press release, October 18, 1983. 14Feuerlicht, "The Fate of the Jews." 15New York Times, January 15, 1984. uNear East Report, December 16, 1984. 17New York Times, January 15, 1984.
18The Friends of Israel Gospel Ministry, Inc., centered in Collingwood, New Jersey, is one of a number of American evangelistic organizations that take Jewish conversion as a primary goal. Its 1983 Mission Update report referred to more than 2, 000 meetings on "Jewish evangelism, missions, prophecy, and deeper life" conducted during the year, in addition to the distribution of nearly one million copies of its various publications.
19New York Times, December 1, 1981.
20New York Jewish Weekly, October 19, 1980.
21 New York Times, December 1, 1981.
"Atlanta Constitution-Journal, February 20, 1981.
25New York Times, January 15, 1984.
24Ernest Volkmann, "A Legacy of Hate."
25The Middle East policy statements of eight of the leading U.S. Christian churches were collected in "Where We Stand," a pamphlet published in 1972 by the Middle East Peace Project. 26Wiley, op. cit.
Notes 5
27Volkmann, op. cit. 28Ibid.
29National Council of Churches of Christ Statement, April 2002. 30Peggy Briggs, interview, October 7, 1983. 31Feeley, interview, October 6, 1983. 32Greg Degiere, interview, January 16, 1984.
"Nuclear Times, February 1984, cited in Palestinian/Israel Bulletin, March 1984.
34Life, April 2, 1965.
35 Washington Post, June 17, 1977.
36The 1972 Palm Sunday sermon and a number of statements reacting to it were collected in "The Jerusalem Debate," a pamphlet published in 1972 by the Middle East Affairs Council (A.R. Taylor and J.P. Richardson, eds.).
37Ibid.
38Ibid.
39 Washington Post, April 4, 1972.
40Volkmann op. cit.
41 Washington Post, April 8, 1972.
42Dean Francis Sayre, interview, July 23, 1983; Washington Star, April 6, 1972. 43Taylor and Richardson, op. cit. 44 Washington Post, April 4, 1972. "Christianity Today, April 28, 1972.
46Reverend Joseph L. Ryan, press conference, April 6, 1972.
47Sayre.
48Ibid.
"Washington Evening Star and Daily News, September 11, 1972.
50Ibid.
51Ibid.
52Ayoub Talhami, interview, February 6, 1984.
53Sr. Miriam Ward, interview, February 6, 1984; Wagner, interview, February 3, 1984.
^Jewish Week-American Examiner, January 14, 1982.
55Ward.
5<'Jewish Week-American Examiner. 57Ward.
58Jeffrey G. MacDonald, "Christians Hit Theological Rift on Mideast Policy," Christian Science Monitor, May 14, 2002.
59Sharon Samber, "With Israel Isolated, Support Strong From Christian Right," Washington Jewish Week, May 30, 2002. 60Richard Penaskovic, "Islam and the Conflict in the Middle East," April 8, 2002. 61 The Tennessean, May 29, 2002. 6Samber.
Chapter 10: Not All Jews Toe the Line
'Vincent James Abramo, "Orthodox Judaism and the Oslo Peace Process," Thesis, August 2001.
2Liz Spikol, "I May Be Called a Traitor, but I Won't Be Silent Anymore," Arab News, April 14, 2002.
3Progressive, August 1979.
4Ibid.
5Ibid.
6Ibid.
Trving Howe, New Perspectives: The Diaspora and Israel.
8Feuerlicht.
9Ibid.
"Washington Post, June 4, 1983. HIbid.
12Progressive, August 1979. 13Ibid.
5 Notes
14Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, April2, 1984. 15Feurlicht, interview, October 19, 1983. 16Gail Pressberg, interview, November 4, 1983. ^Washington Post, December 14, 1982.
18Richard Cohen, "Who's Anti-Semitic?" Washington Post, April 30, 2002. 19John Wallach, interview, April 15, 1983. 2Q Washington Post, December 14, 1982. 21Wallach.
"Village Voice, June 29, 1982.
23Charles Fishbein, interview, October 11, 1983.
2A The Autobiography of Nahum Goldman, trans. By Helen Sebba.
25Nahum Goldman, "The Jewish Paradox."
^Jewish Week (Washington, D.C.), September 2-8, 1982.
"Chicago Tribune, December 3, 1981.
1%Chicago Sun-Times, December 8, 1981; Klutznick, interview, September 19, 1983. 29 Chicago Sun-Times, December 3, 1981. 30Near East Report, November 20, 1981. 31 Klutznick.
32Christian Science Monitor, July 14, 1982. 33Klutznick.
^Chicago Sun-Times, October 20, 1982.
"Jewish Post and Opinion (USA), February 23, 1983.
36Fishbein.
3T.F. Stone, interview, April 24, 1983. 38 The Progressive, August 1979. "New York Review of Books, March 1978. 40Ibid.
41 Lincoln Review, autumn 1979. 42Ralph Nader, "I.E Stone," 1989.
43Naseer Aruri, "A Tribute to Rabbi Elmer Berger," Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, January/February 1997. "Ibid.
45Sheldon L. Richman, " AIPAC President Resigns," Washington Report on Middle Eastern Affairs, January/February 1997. 46Spikol.
47Nizar Wattad, interview with Liz Spikol, June 14, 2002.
48Nacha Cattan, "Jewish Reporter Says Marriage to Arab Cost Her Job," Forward, April 19, 2002. A9Foreword, letters page, April 26, 2002.
Chapter 11: Scattering the Seeds of Catastrophe
1Wall Street Journal, August 3, 1983; Mideast Observer, November 1, 1983.
Philadelphia Enquirer, October 16, 1983.
Philadelphia Enquirer, October 19, 1983.
4Jewish Exponent (Philadelphia), November 11, 1983.
5Anisa Mehdi, interview, September 4, 1983.
6Elaine Hagopian, interview, April 16, 1984; Chicago Tribune, July 13, 1975. 1 ADC Bi-Weekly Reports, April 1-15, 1984. * Monthly Detroit, February 1984.
9Abdel Hamid El-Barbarawi, interview, September 7, 1983.
l0Bilalian News, October 7, 1977.
"Chicago Jewish Post and Opinion, July 2, 1976.
12 Chicago Sun-Times, November 11, 1977.
13Dick Kay, interview, September 15, 1983.
14Stephen Green, interview, March 5, 1983.
,5Vanessa Redgrave, interview, September 4, 1983.
16Los Angeles Times, April 5, 1978.
Notes 5
17Midstream, January 1980.
™New York Times, September 25, 1980.
19Ibid.
2QLos Angeles Times, September 28, 1980.
21Ibid.
22Ibid.
23 Village Voice, June 8, 1982.
24Split Vision.
25Ibid.
26 Twin Cities Reader, July 1, 1982.
27Harold R. Piety, Split Vision.
28National Journal, January 8, 1972.
29Armed Forces Journal International, October 1977.
3« Washington Post, October 27, 1977.
31Journal Herald (Dayton, Ohio), November 13, 1975.
32Middle East International, December 1978.
"Journal Herald.
34Harold R. Piety, letter to the author, July 27, 1983.
"Twin Cities Reader, June 17, 1982.
36 Twin Cities Reader, August 19, 1982.
37Georgia Ann Geyer, interview, May 16, 1983.
38Georgia Ann Geyer, "Buying the Night Flight."
39Geyer, interview.
"Miami News, April 4, 1983.
41"Israel Will Keep CNN on Air," USA Today, June 24, 2002.
42New York Times, December 22, 1983, January 16, 1984; Foreign Affairs, July 1978.
"Boston Globe Magazine, April 29, 1984.
44Jack Sunderland, interview, June 3, 1983.
"Twin Cities Reader, July 1, 1982.
46Wafiya El-Hossaini, interview, April 17, 1983.
"Middle East International, January 27, 1984.
"Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, May 17, 1982.
49Wattad interview with Andrew L. Killgore, June 6, 2002.
50 Village Voice, February 7, 1984.
51 Village Voice, January 24, 1984. 52Ibid.
"Split Vision.
54Lawrence Mosher, interview, November 16, 1983. 55Gilbert M. Grosvenor, interview, March 31, 1983. 56New York Times, June 21, 1974. 57Grosvenor.
58National Geographic, November 1974.
59Russell W. Howe and Sarah H. Trott, The Power Peddlars: How Lobbyists Mold Americas Foreign Policy.
60"First Line Report," March 7, 1973. 61Robert Pierpoint, interview, March 8, 1983. 62Pierpoint, unpublished manuscript. 63Pierpoint, interview. 64Ibid.
65Patsy Collins, interview, April 30, 1983. "Village Voice, October 7, 1982.
67 Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, May 28, 1974.
68Goldman was featured as a panelist at the first national CAMERA Conference, held November 20,
1983 in Washington, D.C. 69NBC News press release, May 3, 1984; Columbia Journalism Review, November/December 1982. ^Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, May 28, 1984.
5 Notes
71Minneapolis Star and Tribune, April 3, 1983. 72Washington Journalism Review, March 1983. 73Nick Themmesch, interview, April 11, 1983.
74 Washington Post, November 10, 1982.
75 Washington Journalism Review. ^Washington Post, November 10, 1982. "Washington Post, November 12, 1982. n Washington Post, November 10, 1982.
"Jewish Week (Washington, D.C.), November 4-10, 1982. "Washington Post, November 10, 1982. "Boston Globe Magazine, April 29, 1984.
82Sunday Call-Chronicle (Allentown, Pennsylvania), January 16, 1983.
%iEvening Sun (Baltimore, Maryland), November 4, 1983; Washington Post, November 7, 1982. 84Times (San Mateo, California), November 1 and 9, 1982. 85Sunday Call-Chronicle.
86Robert Fisk, "The Solution to This Filthy War," The Independent, May 8, 2002.
87Kathleen Christison, "Israel, a Light Unto Nations?" www.counterpunch.org, May 11, 2002.
Chapter 12: What Price Israel?
*A notable exception was Moshe Caret's brief term as prime minister.
2Interview, June 1, 2002.
3Poll from Mirror International, May 8, 2002.
4Dafna Linzer, Associated Press, June 3, 2002.
5Jimmy Carter, New York Times op-ed, April 21, 2002.
'AlAhram Weekly, April 22, 2002.
7Uri Averny, Mirror International, April 8, 2002.
8Noam Chomsky, The Guardian, May 11, 2002.
9Paul Findley, Silent No More: Confronting Americas False Images of Islam, (Amana Publications, 2002).
10E-mail from James J. David, June 2, 2002. 11 Findley.
l2AMEU Public Affairs Series, #33, March 2002.
13James J. David, "The Source of Terrorism," Media Monitors Network, October 1, 2001. 14David, letter to Colin Powell, January 12, 2002. 15Charley Reese, King Features Syndicate, May 2, 2002. ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, April 3, 2002.
17"Report on Haaretz, Jerusalem," USA Today, January 30, 1995. ^Foreign Service Journal, June 2002. 19Mirror International, May 15, 2002.
20Ted Anthony, "Report on Jerusalem," Associated Press, June 13, 2002. 21Hubert Vedrine, Washington Post, May 17, 2002.
Index

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